Linux privilege escalation is the step between getting a shell and owning the box. You land as www-data or a low-priv user — the goal is root. This cheat sheet covers every technique worth knowing in 2026, with commands you can run immediately. Practice these techniques on a real machine. Vultr and DigitalOcean both offer $5–6/month VPS you can spin up, break, and destroy. Cheap, legal, and resets whenever you want. ...
This article is written from 14+ years of offensive security practice. Some links are affiliate links that help keep this site running — I only recommend tools and services I’d use myself. Kali Linux comes loaded with over 600 security tools. If you’re new to penetration testing, that’s not empowering — that’s paralyzing. Here’s the honest truth: working pentesters don’t use most of what’s installed. They use a tight core of tools extremely well, and add specialized ones when a specific engagement calls for it. The practitioners who get hired aren’t the ones who can name every tool — they’re the ones who can actually use ten of them. ...
Metasploit is the exploitation framework everyone knows and half the people actually understand. This cheat sheet covers everything from first-time msfconsole navigation to post-exploitation pivoting — organized by how you actually use it on an engagement, not alphabetically by command. Updated for 2026. Bookmark it. Starting Metasploit # Start msfconsole msfconsole # Start with quiet mode (skip banner) msfconsole -q # Start with a resource script msfconsole -r setup.rc # Start with a specific database msfconsole -y /path/to/database.yml # Update Metasploit msfupdate Database Setup Metasploit’s database stores hosts, services, credentials, and loot. Worth setting up. ...
You don’t memorize Nmap. Nobody does. You keep a cheat sheet, you use it constantly, and eventually the important stuff sticks. This is that cheat sheet — updated for 2026, organized by what you actually do on engagements, not alphabetically by flag name. Covers everything from basic discovery to NSE scripting to firewall evasion. If it’s not here, you probably don’t need it in the field. Target Specification These go at the end of any Nmap command. Mix and match as needed. ...
This article contains affiliate links. If you purchase through them, we may earn a commission at no extra cost to you. We only recommend tools we’d actually use. Operational security isn’t a checkbox. It’s a discipline — and it’s the difference between a red team that gets away clean and one that burns its own infrastructure mid-engagement. This guide covers red team OPSEC in 2026: what it means, why most teams still get it wrong, and the concrete steps that separate professional operators from script kiddies playing dress-up. ...
If you’ve spent any time in offensive security communities, you’ve seen the debate: build a home lab vs spin up a VPS and call it a day. Both camps have loud advocates, and both camps are partially right. I’ve run dedicated home labs for years, and I’ve also done engagements and personal research entirely on cloud infrastructure. Neither is universally better. The right answer depends on what you’re trying to learn, your budget, your living situation, and — critically — your threat model for legal exposure. ...
Claude just found 500 zero-days in production software. Kali Linux now has a native AI integration. Every security vendor is slapping “AI-powered” on their marketing page. And you’re sitting there thinking: okay, but where do I actually start? This guide is for you — the practicing pentester who knows their craft, understands the methodology, but hasn’t figured out how to meaningfully integrate AI into real engagements. We’ll cover the full kill chain, with concrete prompts, real tools, and honest assessments of where AI helps versus where it still fails. ...
If you’re trying to break into offensive security — or level up your existing skills — you’ve probably been told to “just practice on HTB or THM.” Good advice. But which one? And for what? I’ve used both platforms extensively. Here’s the honest breakdown, based on what actually matters for building real-world penetration testing skills. The Short Answer TryHackMe is better for beginners and structured learners Hack The Box is better for intermediate-to-advanced practitioners and job prep Most serious practitioners use both Now let’s get into why. ...
A home lab is the single highest-leverage investment you can make in an offensive security career. Online platforms are great, but nothing replaces the muscle memory you build configuring, breaking, and rebuilding your own environment. The good news: you don’t need to spend thousands. A functional pentest lab in 2026 can be built for under $300 — and if you already have a decent laptop, possibly for free. This is the guide I wish I’d had when I started. ...